Waves

In this unit we will discuss properties of waves and types of waves. Moreover, we will try to explain situations which can not be explained with light properties of matter. Disturbance of the shape of the elastic matters are transported from one end to other by the particles of that matter, we call this process wave. Be careful, during the transportation, no matter is transported.

Waves are classified in different ways with their properties. For example, mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves are classified according to the medium they transport energy. Water waves and sound waves are examples of mechanical wave on the contrary, light waves, radio waves are examples of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves can propagate in vacuum but mechanical waves need a medium to transport energy.

Waves can propagate in 1D, 2D and 3D. Spring waves are examples of 1D waves, water waves are examples of 2D waves and light and sound waves are examples of 3D waves.
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Magnetism

In ancient times Greece people found a rock that attracts iron, nickel and cobalt. They call them as “magnet “and magnetism comes from here. These rocks were used later by Chinese people to make compasses. Later scientists found that, magnets have always two poles different from electricity. Magnets have two ends or faces called “poles” where the magnetic effect is highest. In last unit we saw that there is again two polarities in electricity, “-“charges and “+” charges. Electricity can exist as monopole but magnetism exists always in dipoles North Pole (represented by N) and South Pole (represented by S). If you break the rock into pieces you get small magnets and each magnet also has two poles N and S.
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ELECTRIC CURRENT

In the last unit we have learned static electric, or charge at rest. However, in this unit we will deal with the charges in motion. We see the electric current everywhere in daily life. Most of the electrical devices work with electric current. In this unit we will try to explain direction of the flow of current, ohm’s law, and resistance of the electric circuit, resistors, measuring the current, and current density
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Electrostatics with Examples

ELECTROSTATICS

Scientist found that if you rub an ebonite rod into silk you observe that rod pulls the paper pieces. Or in winter when you put off your pullover, your hair will be charged and move. We first examine the structure of atom to understand electricity better.

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 HEAT TEMPERATURE AND EXPANSION

In this unit we will learn some concepts like heat, temperature, thermal expansion, thermal energy and phases of matter. Moreoversome misconceptions about heat and temperature will be explained. Since they make confusions in many students’ mind, we give more importance on this subject. In daily life sometimes we use them interchangeably however, in physics they are totally different concepts.
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HEAT TEMPERATURE AND EXPANSION

In this unit we will learn some concepts like heat, temperature, thermal expansion, thermal energy and phases of matter. Moreoversome misconceptions about heat and temperature will be explained. Since they make confusions in many students’ mind, we give more importance on this subject. In daily life sometimes we use them interchangeably however, in physics they are totally different concepts.
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PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Matter

Everything around us has mass and volume and they occupy space, and we called them as matter. It can be in four sate, like solid, liquid, gas and plasma. We will talk about main properties of matter in this unit like, mass, volume, density, elasticity, inertia...Etc. You can classify matters with their physical or observable properties and chemical or unobservable properties, for example their smells, colors, shapes give you an idea about it. On the contrary unobservable properties like conductivity of the matter cannot be understood from appearance or smells of the matter.

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